American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics

Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015

  • Spatial Econometric Model of Poverty in Java Island

    Mulugeta Aklilu Zewdie, M. Nur Aidi, Bagus Sartono

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 420-425
    Received: Aug. 26, 2015
    Accepted: Sep. 15, 2015
    Published: Sep. 26, 2015
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    Abstract: This paper gives the concept of spatial econometric model and applies it to analyze the spatial dimensions of poverty and its determinants using data from Java Island 2010 census survey, for 105 districts of Java Island. Dependent variable used in this research is percentage of poverty rate at particular district and predictors are some selected va... Show More
  • Modelling the Volatility of Exchange Rates in Rwandese Markets

    Jean de Dieu Ntawihebasenga, Joseph Kyalor Mung’atu, Peter Nyamuhanga Mwita

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 426-431
    Received: Aug. 15, 2014
    Accepted: Mar. 19, 2015
    Published: Sep. 25, 2015
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    Abstract: This work applied Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) approachto modelling volatility in Rwanda Exchange rate returns. The Autoregressive (AR) model with GARCH errors was fitted to the daily exchange rate returns using Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Estimation (Q-MLE) method to get the current volatility, asymptotic consiste... Show More
  • Hotelling’s T2 Decomposition: Approach for Five Process Characteristics in a Multivariate Statistical Process Control

    Adepoju Ajibola Akeem, Abubakar Yahaya, Osebekwin Asiribo

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 432-437
    Received: Aug. 27, 2015
    Accepted: Sep. 13, 2015
    Published: Sep. 28, 2015
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    Abstract: Multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) is the most acceptable monitoring tool for several variables, and it is advantageous when compare to the simultaneous use of univariate scheme. However, there are some disadvantages in this scheme which include identification of influential variable(s). The Mason, Young and Tracy (MYT) decomposition d... Show More
  • Socio-Economic Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Kenya: An Application of Logistic Regression Model

    Edwine Benson Atitwa

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 438-445
    Received: Sep. 10, 2015
    Accepted: Sep. 21, 2015
    Published: Oct. 12, 2015
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    Abstract: Babies born with Low-birth weight are at increased risk for serious health problems which are accompanied by disabilities and even death. The purpose of this study was to determine socio-economic factors that lead to low birth weight of children in Kenya. Data used was from Kdhs 2003 and the significant effect of socio-economic determinants on low ... Show More
  • An Assessment of Farmers Livelihood in the Coffee Certification Schemes in Tanzania

    Charles Kipkorir Masson

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 446-463
    Received: Sep. 14, 2015
    Accepted: Sep. 26, 2015
    Published: Oct. 12, 2015
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    Abstract: This study was undertaken to assess the impacts of adoption of various types of coffee certifications on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. The main objective of this study was to compare the livelihood of farmers under the different producer groups with respect to their income and food security situation. It begins with an introduction to imp... Show More
  • Investigation of over the Counter Diagnosis and Drug Dispensation in Chemists: A Case Study in Thika Sub-County, Kenya

    Ndung’u Isaac Kamau

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 464-470
    Received: Sep. 22, 2015
    Accepted: Sep. 25, 2015
    Published: Oct. 12, 2015
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    Abstract: Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines that may be obtained directly by a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional, as compared to drugs sold to consumers possessing a valid prescription. In many countries, Kenya included, these drugs are often located on the shelves of stores like any other packaged product. Some drugs ma... Show More
  • Extended Cox Modeling of Customer Retention in Mobile Telecommunication Sector of Rwanda

    Diane Ingabire, Samuel Musili Mwalili, George Otieno Orwa

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 471-479
    Received: Aug. 25, 2015
    Accepted: Sep. 15, 2015
    Published: Oct. 13, 2015
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    Abstract: Retaining customers improves profitability, importantly reduces the cost incurred in acquiring new customers and moreover a firm can increase profits by 25-95 percent if it could improve its customer retention rates by 5 percent. As markets mature and competitive pressure intensifies, companies can no longer ignore the importance of customer retent... Show More
  • Application of Homotopy Perturbation and Sumudu Transform Method for Solving Burgers Equations

    Amjad Ezoo Hamza, Tarig M. Elzaki

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 480-483
    Received: Sep. 16, 2015
    Accepted: Sep. 23, 2015
    Published: Oct. 14, 2015
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    Abstract: In this paper, the exact solution of Burgers equations are obtained by using coupling homotopy perturbation and Sumudu transform method (HPSTM), theoretical considerations are discussed, to illustrate the capability and reliability some examples are provided, the results reveal that method is very effective and simple.
  • Use of Exponential Smoothing Technique in Estimation of Returns in a Financial Portfolio (A Case of the Matatu Public Transport Business in Kenya)

    Jumba Minyoso Sandra, Joel Cheruiyot Chelule, Mungatu Joseph

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 484-495
    Received: Sep. 17, 2015
    Accepted: Oct. 07, 2015
    Published: Oct. 22, 2015
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    Abstract: This study sought to develop consistent estimators for the conditional mean and conditional volatility using exponential smoothing technique and to use the estimators for the conditional mean and conditional volatility to estimate VaR and ES of a financial asset in a given financial portfolio. In particular, we take the Kenyan Matatu business as ou... Show More
  • Modelling Crime Rate Using a Mixed Effects Regression Model

    Chris Muchwanju, Joel Cheruyiot Chelule, Joseph Mung’atu

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 496-503
    Received: Oct. 02, 2015
    Accepted: Oct. 15, 2015
    Published: Oct. 28, 2015
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    Abstract: In this paper we propose a type of Mixed effects Regression Model, that is Hierarchical Linear Model to study crime rate. We derive the estimators of the proposed model and discuss the asymptotic properties of the model. In order to test for the practicability of the proposed model, we estimate a crime equation using a panel dataset of the province... Show More
  • Modeling Survival Data by Using Cox Regression Model

    Medhat Mohamed Ahmed Abdelaal, Sally Hossam Eldin Ahmed Zakria

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 504-512
    Received: Sep. 10, 2015
    Accepted: Sep. 30, 2015
    Published: Oct. 30, 2015
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    Abstract: Survival analysis refers to the general set of statistical methods developed specifically to model the timing of events. A popular regression model for the analysis of survival data is the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The Cox regression model is a semi parametric model, making fewer assumptions than typical parametric methods but more... Show More
  • Modeling Adoption and Usage of Mobile Money Transfer Services in Kenya Using Structural Equations

    Joseph Kuria Waitara, Anthony Gichuhi Waititu, Anthony Kibera Wanjoya

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 513-526
    Received: Sep. 24, 2015
    Accepted: Oct. 21, 2015
    Published: Oct. 30, 2015
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    Abstract: Mobile Money Transfer services have eased the means of transferring money from one mobile phone user to another in Kenya. Since the introduction of the services there is disparity in adoption of different mobile money transfer platforms in Kenya. In this study Structural Equation Modeling was used to create a model of factors that influence the ado... Show More
  • Modelling a Pay-As-You-Drive Insurance Pricing Structure Using a Generalized Linear Model: Case Study of a Company in Kiambu

    Charity Mkajuma Wamwea, Benjamin Kyalo Muema, Joseph Kyalo Mung’atu

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 527-533
    Received: Sep. 28, 2015
    Accepted: Oct. 15, 2015
    Published: Oct. 30, 2015
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    Abstract: The current fixed car-year pricing of auto insurance is inefficient and actuarially inaccurate since motorists in the same risk class pay the same amount of premium regardless of the number of miles covered by the different vehicles. In this paper, a simple alternative, the pay as you drive insurance, was proposed whereby motorists only pay for the... Show More
  • Solution of Linear and Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations by Combine Elzaki Transform and Homotopy Perturbation Method

    Mohannad H. Eljaily, Tarig M. Elzaki

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 534-538
    Received: Sep. 29, 2015
    Accepted: Oct. 15, 2015
    Published: Oct. 30, 2015
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    Abstract: In this paper, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and ELzaki transform are employed to obtain the approximate analytical solution of the Linear and Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations. The proposed method is an elegant combination of the new integral transform “ELzaki Transform” and the homotopy perturbation method. This method finds the solution w... Show More
  • Modelling Oil Price Risk

    Mwelu Susan, Anthony Gichuhi Waititu

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 539-546
    Received: Oct. 05, 2015
    Accepted: Oct. 23, 2015
    Published: Nov. 13, 2015
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    Abstract: The energy sector is regarded as a key driving force for all other sectors in the economy. This can be attributed to oil being the global main source of energy as well as oil prices having a significant impact on financial markets and world economies. With the emergence of relatively free oil markets, prices are vulnerable to high shifts resulting ... Show More
  • Statistical Analysis of Urban Quality of Life (Case Study: Hawassa Town, SNNP Region, Ethiopia)

    Natnael Mamuye, Bute Gotu

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 547-554
    Received: Oct. 14, 2015
    Accepted: Oct. 26, 2015
    Published: Nov. 19, 2015
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    Abstract: The study on Quality of life in the cities of both developing and developed countries is gaining interest from a variety of disciplines and is becoming an important tool for policy evaluation, rating of cities, urban planning and management. Cities are the center of economy, politics, commerce and other activities, so it is necessary to analyze the... Show More
  • A Bivariate Probit Model for Correlated Binary Data with Application to HIV and Male Circumcision

    Tabitha Wambui Njoroge, Samuel Musili Mwalili, Anthony Kibira Wanjoya

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 555-561
    Received: Oct. 29, 2015
    Accepted: Nov. 09, 2015
    Published: Nov. 19, 2015
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    Abstract: As the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to grow, it continues to be a huge threat to the social and economic well-being of a society. Studies show that the epidemic has significantly affected the development of Kenya. Numerous interventions by different bodies (e.g. the national government, international donors, civil society organizations) to prevent i... Show More
  • Statistical Analysis on the Loan Repayment Efficiency and Its Impact on the Borrowers: a Case Study of Hawassa City, Ethiopia

    Yonas Shuke Kitawa, Nigatu Degu Terye

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 562-575
    Received: Sep. 10, 2015
    Accepted: Oct. 07, 2015
    Published: Nov. 26, 2015
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    Abstract: The major objective of this study is to study factors affecting loan repayment efficiency of borrowers and assess impact of efficient utilization of loan for the borrowers in Hawassa city in Ethiopia. Data used for this study was collected through a structured questionnaire. Classical and Bayesian logistic regression technique were used for data an... Show More
  • Probability Model for Human Fertility Behavior: Straddling Birth Interval Under Realistic Assumptions

    Ajay Shankar Singh

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 576-580
    Received: Oct. 31, 2015
    Accepted: Nov. 09, 2015
    Published: Nov. 26, 2015
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    Abstract: Fertility analysis is important in understanding past, current and future trends of population size, Composition and growth. Information on fertility levels, patterns and trends experienced by a country is important for socio-economic planning, monitoring and evaluating programs. In recent years the study of birth intervals has acquired importance ... Show More
  • The Power of the Pruned Exact Linear Time(PELT) Test in Multiple Changepoint Detection

    Gachomo Dorcas Wambui, Gichuhi Anthony Waititu, Anthony Wanjoya

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 581-586
    Received: Nov. 05, 2015
    Accepted: Nov. 11, 2015
    Published: Dec. 02, 2015
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    Abstract: Changepoint detection is the problem of estimating the point at which the statistical properties of a sequence of observations change. Over the years several multiple changepoint search algorithms have been proposed to overcome this challenge. They include binary segmentation algorithm, the Segment neighbourhood algorithm and the Pruned Exact Linea... Show More
  • Multivariate Analysis Approach on the Study of Quality of Life: A Case Study in Some Towns of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

    Genanew Timerga Neri, Nigatu Degu Terye, Haymanot Zeleke Tadesse, Woldesadik Kagnew Abebaw, Tena Manaye Endalamaw

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 587-601
    Received: Oct. 28, 2015
    Accepted: Nov. 09, 2015
    Published: Dec. 08, 2015
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    Abstract: Quality of life (QOL) is gaining interest from a variety of disciplines and important tool for policy evaluation, rating of cities, urban planning and management. Cities are the center of economy, politics, commerce and other activities, so very necessary to analyze the conditions that contribute to the quality of urban life. This study identifies ... Show More
  • Discriminant Analysis Procedures Under Non-optimal Conditions for Binary Variables

    I. Egbo

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 602-609
    Received: Oct. 12, 2015
    Accepted: Oct. 26, 2015
    Published: Dec. 10, 2015
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    Abstract: The performance of four discriminant analysis procedures for the classification of observations from unknown populations was examined by Monte Carlo methods. The procedures examined were the Fisher Linear discriminant function, the quadratic discriminant function, a polynomial discriminant function and A-B linear procedure designed for use in situa... Show More
  • Analysis of Progressive First-Failure-Censoring for Non-normal Model Using Competing Risks Data

    A. A. Modhesh, G. A. Abd-Elmougod

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 610-618
    Received: Sep. 08, 2015
    Accepted: Oct. 07, 2015
    Published: Dec. 14, 2015
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    Abstract: Competing risks data usually arises in studies in which the death or failure of an individual or an item may be classified into one of T≥2 mutually exclusive causes. In this paper, we will study the competing risks model when the data is progressively first-failure-censored. Based on this type of censoring, we derive the maximum likelihood estimato... Show More
  • Estimation of Proportion of a Trait by Batch Testing Model in a Quality Control Process

    Ronald W. Wanyonyi, Kennedy L. Nyongesa, Adu Wasike

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 619-629
    Received: Nov. 07, 2015
    Accepted: Nov. 27, 2015
    Published: Dec. 22, 2015
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    Abstract: Batch testing involves testing items in a group rather than testing the items individually for resource saving purposes. Estimation of proportion of a trait of interest using batch testing model insulates individuals of a population against stigma. In this paper, an estimator of the unknown proportion of a trait in batch testing model based on a qu... Show More
  • Significance Test in Meta-analysis Approach: A theoretical Review

    Habib Ahmed Elsayir

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 630-639
    Received: Dec. 07, 2015
    Accepted: Dec. 21, 2015
    Published: Jan. 08, 2016
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    Abstract: Meta-analysis, a statistical procedure that integrates the results of several independent studies, plays a central role in statistical research, and a very important task in research problems and statistical significance tests. This paper discusses these principles, along with the practical steps in performing meta-analysis. It describes the issue ... Show More
  • Detection of Multicollinearity Using Min-Max and Point-Coordinates Approach

    Umeh Edith Uzoma, Awopeju Kabir Abidemi, Ajibade F. Bright

    Issue: Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2015
    Pages: 640-643
    Received: Dec. 14, 2015
    Accepted: Dec. 23, 2015
    Published: Jan. 23, 2016
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    Abstract: Multicollinearity is one of the problems or challenges of modeling or multiple regression usually encountered by Economists and Statisticians. It is a situation where by some of the independent variables in the formulated model are significantly or highly related/correlated. In the past, methods such as Variance Inflation Factor, Eigenvalue and Pro... Show More