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Factors Associated with Health Extension Service Utilization in Dera District, Oromia, Ethiopia: A Multi Level Analysis
Abate Tadesse Zeleke,
Dejen Tesfaw Molla,
Nega Assefa Kassa
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2019
Pages:
85-93
Received:
4 April 2019
Accepted:
20 May 2019
Published:
30 July 2019
Abstract: Introduction: Health Extension Program is implemented in Ethiopia since 2004 as a flagship of preventive, promotive, and basic curative services for poor and rural community, especially for children and mother. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants and variations in health extension service utilization in Dera district, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methodology: Three-stage cluster sampling was used to select a random sample of 534 households from 10 kebeles of the district. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics to identify the determinants of Health extension service utilization and variations. Result: The descriptive result revealed that out of 534 respondents, 223 (41.8%) of them utilized and 311 (58.2) of them not utilized health extension service given at the health post and outreach level. The random intercept binary logistic regression analysis identified that mother's age, mother educational level, mothers' employment status, knowledge on Health Extension Program, being model in Health Extension Program implementation, frequency of home visited by Health Extension Workers, number of students in a family and perception about conduct of Health Extension Workers were significant determinants of Health Extension Program utilization. Conclusion: Comparison between multilevel models has done and random intercept binary logistic model was found to have a better fit for utilization of health extension program and the district health office has to work to reduce the variance and factors that affect Health Extension Program utilization for each kebeles of the district.
Abstract: Introduction: Health Extension Program is implemented in Ethiopia since 2004 as a flagship of preventive, promotive, and basic curative services for poor and rural community, especially for children and mother. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants and variations in health extension service utilization in Dera district, Oromia, E...
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Assessment of Teachers’ Attitude, Students’ Attitude and Performance in Mathematics in Secondary Schools: A Case Study in Hawassa City and Hawassa Zuria Woredas, Ethiopia
Tesfaye Getahun Agdie,
Mamo Teketel Mekasha,
Anteneh Bezabih Ali,
Mekonnen Mamo,
Muluken Mitiku,
Sileshi Gone
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2019
Pages:
94-107
Received:
11 May 2019
Accepted:
28 June 2019
Published:
31 July 2019
Abstract: Mathematics is a tool in which students and youngsters get knowledge and experience about life, they learn how to deal with problems, apply their knowledge into real life problems, improve their ability on logical thinking and reasoning, and getting ready for their future life. The aim of this study was to assess the attitude of students towards Mathematics and to determine factors that affect students’ performance in Mathematics. Primary data was collected from students and their teachers using self-administered questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis, One-Way ANOVA, and t-test were used to analyze the data. Out of 347 students participated in this study, 313 students belong to the Tabor Secondary School and Boricha Secondary School, government schools. The rest 34 students belong to Saint Daniel Comboni Secondary School, which is a private school. About 68% of the respondents did not agree on the existence of Mathematics club that's dedicated to maximizing Mathematics excellencies other than usual course schedule in their school. Most teachers disagreed on students’ effort to find out the reasons for their mistakes while they solve mathematical problems instead they simply accepted their mistakes. Results also showed that scores of students at Comboni (private school) were higher than score of students at Tabor and Boricha schools (government schools). Male students had better Mathematics scores than female students in these schools. Students who were interested in Mathematics course had a better score than those students who were not interested. Sex of students, students’ laziness to attend Mathematics related courses, students believe that Mathematics is an easy subject, students score in grade 10 national exam, student interest to solve Mathematics' problems with their classmates, the time that the student spent per week to study Mathematics, and their communication with their Mathematics teacher were the significant factors that determine the performance of the student in Mathematics. The researchers recommended that all concerned bodies have to do a lot in order to improve performance of students since Mathematics is a key subject for science and technology.
Abstract: Mathematics is a tool in which students and youngsters get knowledge and experience about life, they learn how to deal with problems, apply their knowledge into real life problems, improve their ability on logical thinking and reasoning, and getting ready for their future life. The aim of this study was to assess the attitude of students towards Ma...
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Analysis of Cough Time Stamps from COPD Patients Using Markov Chain Analysis
Tsega Kahsay Gebretekle,
Stef van Eijndhoven,
Bert den Brinker
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2019
Pages:
108-124
Received:
22 May 2019
Accepted:
9 July 2019
Published:
5 August 2019
Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify patterns of cough events for COPD patients. Simultaneously, the study was used to develop a Matlab based graphical user interface (GUI) that enables the user to analyze time-stamps of cough data. The time stamp data was received from Philips Research. They cover 17 data sets of 16 COPD patients and were determined using a semi-automated cough detection algorithm. Cough detection ran for multiple days in the living and bed rooms of the patients. The time stamp marks the event that a cough is assumed to occur. A descriptive statistics and a Markov Chain Model was used for analysis. A pattern of cough events was described by the probability that a COPD patient is in one of three possible states at a specific hour and in another state at the next hour. To define the states, the following three characteristics were used: 1) relative frequency, 2) average value-three times standard deviation band, 3) average value-three times inter-quartile range band. Relaxation time was determined to describe the dynamics of the cough event patterns. To be precise, pattern changes were characterized by considering the time it takes for the probabilities to reach stationarity. To reduce noise, the daily dynamics of the cough events over five day periods with a four day overlap were considered. From the results, we concluded that the distribution of cough events for all data sets was skewed to the right. The developed Matlab based graphical user interface allows the user to analyze the cough events of COPD patients together with their medical history. We conclude that the relaxation time and the stationary distribution of the Markov chain representation were typical characteristics of the patterns of cough events and the cough behavior of COPD patients was patient specific and varies over time.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify patterns of cough events for COPD patients. Simultaneously, the study was used to develop a Matlab based graphical user interface (GUI) that enables the user to analyze time-stamps of cough data. The time stamp data was received from Philips Research. They cover 17 data sets of 16 COPD patients and were d...
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